If you did not re-compile your firmware as your changed your jumpers, you changed the feed rate (speed) a *lot* going from 16 micro steps to none. It's unlikely that your steppers are happy trying to step at 16X their normal max rate.
Everybody runs the steppers in the maximum number of micro steps possible. There's no reason not to.
Everybody runs the steppers in the maximum number of micro steps possible. There's no reason not to.